Programma

The concepts of etiology and pathogenesis of the diseases. The causes of cellular damage: ischemia, toxic radicals, chemical agents. Necrosis and apoptosis. The cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation: hyperplasia, hypertrophy, atrophy, and metaplasia. Vascular and cellular events in acute inflammation, chemical mediators, outcome, and morphological patterns of acute inflammation. Chronic inflammation with special reference to granulomatous inflammation. Systemic effects and effects of deranged inflammation. The acute and chronic inflammation. The chemical mediators of acute inflammation and their role. Histological features of the chronic inflammation. The granulomas of tuberculosis as an example of chronic inflammation. Systemic effects of inflammation: fever and protein of acute phase. Diagnostic markers of inflammation (ESR, blood count, proteins of acute phase, the complement). Tissue renewal and repair: Regeneration healing and fibrosis. Control of normal cell proliferation and tissue growth, mechanism of tissue regeneration, repair by healing and fibrosis. The natural and acquired immunity. The cells of the immune system. The antigen processing and the HLA system. The lymphocytes: their maturation and activation. The concept of immune tolerance. The characteristic of autoimmune diseases. Morpho-functional characteristics of the transformed cells. The role of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of tumors. The chemical, physical and biological carcinogenesis. The DNA viruses and RNA viruses. Some diagnostic markers of cancer. Definition, nomenclature, and biology of tumour growth. Molecular basis of cancer with special reference to carcinogenic agents and molecular basis of multistep carcinogenesis. Grading, staging and laboratory diagnosis of cancer.

Testi Adottati

Pontieri, Russo, Frati - Patologia Generale e Fisiopatologia Generale -Tomo I - VI Edizione a cura di F.Mainiero, R.Misasi, M.Sorice - Edito da Picccin, 2018; ISBN: 978-88-299-2963-4 oppure IV Edizione ISBN: 978-88-299-2036-5

Robbins e Cotran - Le basi patologiche delle malattie. Volume Unico di Patologie Generale. Edito da Elsevier, 8° Edizione 2010; ISBN:9788821431746

Moncharmont e coll. - Patologia Generale. Edito da Idelson - Gnocchi, 2012; ISBN:978-88-7947-542

Modalità Frequenza

Optional Attendance

Modalità Valutazione

The examination consists of one written test (multiple choice quiz questions) on topics covered in the program. The final score (in 30ths) attributed to a single student is the evaluation of the oral test in terms of critical knowledge and critical thinking skills.