Acquisition of knowledge of the physiological and psychophysical bases of vision and clinical knowledge of the visual function. Students will acquire the theoretical and practical skills to be able to: use the tools for the objective and subjective examination of binocular vision and the refractive state of the eye; organize the initial discussion with the examined subject for the purposes of the optometric investigation; understand how to measure ocular aberrations; understand and know how to carry out tests for contrast sensitivity and color perception.